Testosterone is a steroid hormone secreted by male testes or female ovaries. The adrenal gland also secretes asmall amount of testosterone, which has two effects on humans and other vertebrates: directly or in the form ofserum DHT to activate androgen receptors; and converted to estradiol to activate some estrogen receptors. Freetestosterone is transported to the cytoplasm of target tissue cells, binds to androgen receptors, or is converted toserum DHT by 5a-reductase. DHT also binds to androgen receptors (which are more stable, and the malehormone intensity of DHT is about 2.5 times that of testosterone). Testosterone receptors or serum DHTreceptors undergo structural changes that all......2019-07-19

Type II cardiorenal syndrome (CRSII) is one ofthemost severe cardiorenal syndrome.The renal impairmentorrenal insufficiencyiscaused by chronic cardiac insufficiency. And renal insufficiency also determines the prognosis of patients with Chronic heart failure (CHF) to a certain extent. At present, the acquaintanceof CRSII is very limited. Due to its high incidence, poor prognosis, littleknowledgeabout its pathogenesisandlack of effective measures, it is still a difficult problem for clinicians. Academician Hou FanFan and his team have made a breakthrough in the pathogenesis research of CRSII. And theirresearch results "the Wnt/beta - catenin signaling mediates both heart and kidney......2019-07-19

2019-07-12

Caspase-3 (CASP3), also known as cysteine protease 3, is a protease that can specifically cut poly-ADP ribosepolymerase (PARP1) and acetyl-DEVD-7-amino-4-methyl coumarin (Ac-DEVD-AMC), leading to DNA cleavageto promote cell apoptosis. CASP3 usually exists in the form of pro-caspase-3 in organisms. When apoptotic cellsbegan to occur, pro-caspase-3 was cut from Asp28-Ser29 and Asp175-Ser176 to form two subunits, P17 (29-175)and P110 (182-277), which then formed the active form of CASP3. CASP3 as one of the most critical enzymes inapoptosis pathway, is closely related to the occurrence of cancer, aging and cardiovascular diseases.2019-07-10

Osteocalcin (OC), also known as R-hydroxy glutamic acid protein (GLa protein), is a protein consisting of 49 amino acids.It belongs to non-collagen acidic glycoprotein, which is a vitamin K-dependent calcium binding protein. Osteocalcin level isused to monitor bone development and bone metabolism, and its content is negatively correlated with age, as children being the highest and decreasing with age.Osteocalcin is mainly synthesized of osteoblasts and odontoblasts, and some are synthesized by proliferating chondrocytes, which plays an important role in regulating bone calcium metabolism. It is a new biochemical marker for bone metabolismresearch, which is of great value in the diagnos......2019-07-04

TGFb1 belongs to the TGF-βfamily, the highest proportion (>90%), and the most active multi-functional cell activity regulator. TGFb1 is a strong growth inhibitory factor in multicellular organisms, which can significantly inhibit the growth and proliferation of lymphocytes, hematopoietic stem cells, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, hepatocytes, keratinocytes and adipocytes, but TGFb1 can promote fibroblast proliferation, extracellular matrix protein expression, and bone matrix protein synthesis.At present, TGFb1 is considered to be a tumor suppressor gene, and its defect in expression or activation can cause its growth inhibition to disappear, resulting in cell nausea. Clinical......2019-07-04