Pericardial Mesothelial Cells (PeMC)

Pericardial mesothelial cells are a specialized cell type that lines the outer surface of the heart within the pericardial cavity. The pericardium is a double-layered sac-like structure that surrounds the heart and provides protective and mechanical support. The inner layer of the pericardium, called the visceral pericardium or epicardium, is covered by a layer of mesothelial cells, known as pericardial mesothelial cells.

These cells are derived from the mesoderm during embryonic development and serve several crucial functions in the pericardial cavity. Pericardial mesothelial cells form a protective barrier that prevents friction between the heart and surrounding structures during cardiac contractions. They also secrete a lubricating fluid called pericardial fluid, which reduces friction and allows the heart to move smoothly within the pericardial sac. Pericardial mesothelial cells are also involved in immune responses and tissue repair processes within the pericardial cavity. They can produce inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and growth factors in response to injury or infection, contributing to the local immune response and tissue healing.