Trigeminal Ganglion Astrocytes (TGA)

Trigeminal ganglion astrocytes are specialized glial cells with essential functions in the trigeminal ganglion, a key component of the sensory nervous system. These star - shaped cells have numerous cytoplasmic processes that closely interact with neurons in the ganglion.

Functionally, trigeminal ganglion astrocytes provide critical metabolic support to neurons. They ensure the supply of nutrients like glucose and maintain a stable ionic environment, which is fundamental for proper neuronal signaling. In the face of injury or inflammation, they exhibit neuroprotective behavior. They secrete neurotrophic factors that encourage neuronal survival and regeneration while buffering harmful substances to reduce damage. Additionally, these astrocytes participate in modulating the immune response in the ganglion. By interacting with immune cells and secreting cytokines, they help regulate the inflammatory environment.