THP-1

THP-1 cell line is a human monocytic leukemia cell line that was established from the peripheral blood of a 1-year-old infant with acute monocytic leukemia. THP-1 cells have been widely used in research related to immunology, inflammation, and cancer due to their ability to differentiate into macrophage-like cells in response to various stimuli.

THP-1 cells exhibit characteristics of monocytic cells and can be induced to differentiate into macrophage-like cells by treatment with phorbol esters such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or other differentiation agents. This differentiation process changes their morphology, gene expression profile, and functional properties, making them a valuable model for studying monocyte/macrophage biology and functions.

THP-1 cells have been used to investigate various aspects of innate immunity, inflammatory responses, host-pathogen interactions, and the role of macrophages in diseases such as cancer, infectious diseases, and autoimmune disorders. Furthermore, THP-1 cells have been employed in drug screening assays, studying signal transduction pathways, and evaluating the immunomodulatory effects of different compounds.