Netrin 4 (Ntn4)

Netrin-4 is a novel Netrin more closely related to laminin beta; chain that is broadly expressed in both neural and non-neural tissues. It acts during the development and controls the migration of neurons. The role of Netrin-4 in guiding neurones seems to be mediated by known Netrin-1 receptors: DCC and UNC5H1. Netrin-4 is transcribed in a variety of cells including epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells. Recent studies suggest a role of Netrin-1 and 4 in the branching morphogenesis in the lung. Netrin-4 promotes angiogenesis by stimulating proliferation and migration of microvascular endothelial cells to the same extent that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Kidney also express Netrin-4 whose level is down regulated upon ischemia-reperfusion injury. Netrin-4 has been reported to be a novel prognostic marker in breast cancer.