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Active Galectin 9 (GAL9)

LGALS9; Ecalectin; Lectin,Galactoside-Binding Soluble 9; Tumor antigen HOM-HD-21

ACTIVITY TEST

GAL9 (Galectin-9) belongs to the galectin family, which is defined by their binding specificity for β-galactoside sugars, such as N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-3GlcNAc or Galβ1-4GlcNAc). It is reported that GAL9 induces T-helper type 1 lymphocyte (Th1) death by binding to HAVCR2 (Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2); besides, the interaction between GAL9 and PDI (Protein disulfide-isomerase) leads to disulfide reductase activity increasing at the plasma membrane, therefore alters the plasma membrane redox state and enhances cell migration. Thus a binding ELISA assay was conducted to detect the interaction of recombinant human GAL9 with recombinant human HAVCR2 and recombinant human PDI separately. Briefly, GAL9 were diluted serially in PBS, with 0.01%BSA (pH 7.4). Duplicate samples of 100uL were then transferred to HAVCR2-coated and PDI-coated microtiter wells and incubated for 2h at 37°C. Wells were washed with PBST and incubated for 1h with anti-GAL9 pAb, then aspirated and washed 3 times. After incubation with HRP labelled secondary antibody, wells were aspirated and washed 3 times. With the addition of substrate solution, wells were incubated 15-25 minutes at 37°C. Finally, add 50µL stop solution to the wells and read at 450nm immediately. The binding activity of GAL9 with HAVCR2 and PDI were shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, and this effect was in a dose dependent manner.

USAGE

Reconstitute in 10mM PBS (pH7.4) to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. Do not vortex.

STORAGE

Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles. Store at 2-8°C for one month. Aliquot and store at -80°C for 12 months.

STABILITY

The thermal stability is described by the loss rate. The loss rate was determined by accelerated thermal degradation test, that is, incubate the protein at 37°C for 48h, and no obvious degradation and precipitation were observed. The loss rate is less than 5% within the expiration date under appropriate storage condition.

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Magazine Citations
American Journal of Nephrology Temporal Increases in Urinary Carboxymethyllysine Correlate with Albuminuria Development in Diabetes Karger: 328581
Clinical Immunology Galectin-9 administration ameliorates CVB3 induced myocarditis by promoting the proliferation of regulatory T cells and alternatively activated Th2 cells ScienceDirect: S1521661611001057
Renal Failure Rat Renal Interstitial Fibroblasts Affect the Th1/Th2 Profile In Vitro Pubmed: 22013937
BMC Nephrol Serum galectin-9 levels are elevated in the patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease PubMed: 23339460
Retrovirology Dysregulated Tim-3 expression on natural killer cells is associated with increased Galectin-9 levels in HIV-1 infection PubMed: PMC3750478
PLoS One. Upregulation of the Tim-3/Galectin-9 Pathway of T Cell Exhaustion in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection PubMed: PMC3480425
PLoS Pathogens Galectin-9 and IL-21 Mediate Cross-regulation between Th17 and Treg Cells during Acute Hepatitis C PubMed: PMC3688567
PLOS ONE Graves’ Disease Is Associated with a Defective Expression of the Immune Regulatory Molecule Galectin-9 in Antigen-Presenting Dendritic Cells PubMed: 25880730
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Molecules of Damage-Associated Patterns in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Serum in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pubmed:29429028
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection Galectin-9-like from Angiostrongylus cantonensis young adult worms modulates eosinophil chemotaxis in vitro Doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2018.09.010
Oncology Letters The effects of Tim‑3 activation on T‑cells in gastric cancer progression
Scientific Reports Circulating levels of PD-L1 and Galectin-9 are associated with patient survival in surgically treated Hepatocellular Carcinoma independent of their intra … Pubmed: 31337865
Biomolecules Blood Levels of Galectin-9, an Immuno-Regulating Molecule, Reflects the Severity for the Acute and Chronic Infectious Diseases. Biomolecules 2021, 11, 430 33804076
Medicine Regulatory T cells, damage-associated molecular patterns, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid interlinked with chronic obstructive … Pubmed:35687771
Catalog No. Related products for research use of Homo sapiens (Human) Organism species Applications (RESEARCH USE ONLY!)
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