Hydrocephalus is a kind of disease caused by excessive secretion of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)or circulation and absorption disorders resulting in increased intracranial CSFvolume, enlargement of ventricular system or progressive enlargement of subarachnoid space. Hydrocephalus can be either primary or secondary to trauma, spontaneous hemorrhage, infection, tumor, etc., and can also co occur with neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. It can occur at all ages, especially in infants and the elderly. The etiology of hydrocephalus is complex and difficult to treat. It can either threaten human health as an independent disease, or aggravate the disease wit......2023-12-29

Depression impacts approximately 10% of the population worldwide and is a major cause of disability and suicide. The core characteristics of depressive symptoms include low mood, decreased interest or pleasure in activities, lack of concentration, excessive guilt or low self-worth, changes in appetite and weight, insomnia or drowsiness, fatigue, cognitive impairment, and suicidal thoughts.Depression is the result of a combination of social, psychological, and biological factors. People who have experienced adverse events in their lives (such as unemployment, bereavement, or trauma) are more likely to suffer from depression. Depression, in turn, can lead to greater stress and dysfunctio......2023-12-25

Dysfunctional interactions between neural and immune cells are increasingly recognized to initiate and perpetuate neuroinflammation, contributing to white matter pathology and neurological dysfunction. Oligodendrocyte-lineage cells are immunocompetent glial cells and actively participate in these processes. Axon degeneration in central nervous system disorders is most often proposed to be a consequence of chronic myelin and oligodendrocyte loss and the increased vulnerability of denuded axons to a toxic microenvironment.However, the relationship between immune reactions, demyelination, axon degeneration, and clinical disease is unclear, and many observations indicate that loss of myeli......2023-12-21

Since the first member of the Wnt family was identified in 1982, studies on Wnt signalling have been steadily increasing. The Wnt signalling pathways include noncanonical and canonical pathways. The noncanonical Wnt pathways are independent of β-catenin-T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor (TCF/LEF). The canonical Wnt pathway, also known as the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, involves the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and activation of target genes via TCF/LEF transcription factors. The canonical Wnt pathway mainly controls cell proliferation, whereas the noncanonical Wnt pathways regulate cell polarity and migration, and the two main pathways form a network of mutual regulati......2023-12-18

Osteochondral lesions and defects in joints are prevalent and pose a significant health concern, resulting in knee joint pain, dysfunction, and, ultimately, disability.While bone tissue is vascularized and possesses intrinsic regenerative capabilities, cartilage is avascular, aneural, and alymphatic, which limits its capacity for self-repair.Traditional clinical therapeutic approaches, such as microfracture, osteochondral grafts, and autologous cell transplantation, do not successfully improve the structure and function of the affected areas. Tissue engineering, which involves creating a scaffold that mimics tissue, offers a flexible solution for osteochondral regeneration. However, th......2023-12-15

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a negative single-stranded RNA virus of the Pneumoviridae family (order Mononegavirales) with a seasonal epidemic transmission pattern. RSV is highly contagious and a major cause of respiratory infections worldwide. Although disease is mild in most of the cases, vulnerable populations like very young infants, adults with chronic heart or lung disease, with weakened immune system, or over 65 years of age can experience a more severe disease course.Consistent with the massive disease burden that is posed by RSV infection, there is a large body of information that has been elucidated on RSV replication, pathogenesis, and transmission. Despite all that ......2023-12-11