T cell lineage is an important immune cell population, which is an essential component of the adaptive immune system. The ligation of the T cell receptor (TCR) by antigen/MHC complexes and the interaction of costimulation receptors regulate T cell activation. After stimulation, naïve T cells begin to proliferate and differentiate into highly specific effector T cells (Teff).Diverse T cell subsets serve different but specific functions in response to a wide variety of stimuli. T cell immunity plays a critical role in host defenses to pathogens and immune responses against neoplasm. During alloimmunity, T cells play a pivotal role for both, in tolerance and rejection. Therefore, the stu......2022-10-28

On Oct 15, 2022, professor Cui Hua Liu from CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology and professor Xiao Bo Qiu from China Pharmaceutical University published a paper titled A bacterial phospholipid phosphatase inhibits host pyroptosis by hijacking ubiquitin on Science. INTRODUCTION: Pyroptosis is a proinflammatory form of programmed cell death characterized by membrane pore formation thatallows the release of intracellular inflammatory mediators, a process that is elicited by the inflammasome-mediated cleavage and activation of gasdermin D (GSDMD). Growing evidence supports a critical role for pyroptosis in the control of infections by mammalian hosts, but how path......2022-10-27

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal pulmonary vascular disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling and increased pulmonary vascular resistance, culminating in right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy and failure.The dynamic vasoconstriction of pulmonary arteries, their adverse structural remodeling, fibrosis and stiffening, are the main causes of increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Besides this, endothelial dysfunction, an increase in inflammation, dysregulatedangiogenesis, metabolic disturbance, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysregulation contribute to the progression of the disease. Current treatments improve quality of life and survival primarily by dilat......2022-10-21

Transforming growth factor beta 1 or TGF-β1 is a polypeptide member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily of cytokines. It is a secreted protein that performs many cellular functions, including the control of cell growth, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis.To test the effect of TGF-β1 on cell apoptosis, A549cells were seeded into 96-well plates at a density of 5,000 cells/well with 1% serum standard DMEMincluding various concentrations of recombinant humanTGF-β1. Proliferation of A549 cells after incubation with TGF-β1 for 48h observed by inverted microscope was shown in Figure 1.Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 (Cell Counting Kit-8 ) assay aft......2022-10-19

The intestinal epithelium is part of the mucosa layer. The epithelium contains several cell types including mature secretory cells, mature absorptive cells, progenitors/transit-amplifying cells, and stem cells. Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are responsible for ongoing epithelial regeneration throughout life. The stem cell-to-daughter cell transition in the intestinal epithelium is believed to be a highly dynamic and plastic process. Stem cell maintenance and the fine-tuning of differentiation into all different lineages are controlled by the surrounding microenvironment, including the cellular and extracellular matrix niche. On a molecular level, multiple signalling pathways together or......2022-10-14

On August 30, 2022, Ren Lai, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, and his team published a paper titled “Hypoxia and low temperature up-regulate transferrin to induce hypercoagulability at high altitude” in Blood, which suggested low temperature and hypoxia up-regulated transferrin expression promoted hypercoagulability.The kits [ELISA Kit for Transferrin (TF), SEC036Hu/CEC036Mu; ELISA Kit for Prothrombin Fragment 1+2 (F1+2), SEA710Hu/SEA710Mu; ELISA Kit for Coagulation Factor XII (F12), SEA677Hu/SEA677Mu] of Cloud-Clone brand was chosed in this article, we are so proud for supporting the reaserchers.Studies have shown significantly increased thromboemb......2022-10-12