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Uromodulin--a Useful Marker in Chronic Kidney Disease
Uromodulin is a glycoprotein encoded by the UMOD gene, which is the most abundant protein in urine of normal mammals. It’s mainly from the Heinz loop of the mammalian kidney.The molecular weight of monomer UMOD is about 85kDa. UMOD has several different isoforms and exists in aggregates, so the MW could reach millions Da. When the pH is low, precipitations may form.By the analysis of UMOD sequence, Glu28~Glu149 were chosen for gene cloning and protein expression to get recombinant protein, the cat no. is RPG918Hu01. Immunizing mouse and rabbit with the protein, we got the monoclonal antibody MAG918Hu21, polyclonal antibody PAG918Hu01, biotin labled polyclonal antibody PAG918Hu71. The......
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The preparation of rat adjuvant arthritis model
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that is associated with complex inflammatory mediators, which will cause joint injury,synovial inflammation, cartilage and bone damage.The typical characteristic of this chronic disease is the chronic joint injury, seriously affecting people's health and the development of animal husbandry. The incidence of RA is generally believed to be caused by multiple factors,which include genetic factors,bacteria and virus mediated infection factors,autoimmune tolerance damage, endocrine disorders and other factors of cold,damp, fatigue, trauma, smoking and mental stimulation.The pathological symptoms were mainly manifested in the aspects o......
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The Principle for Sandwich Chemiluminescence Enzyme Immunoassay
Chemiluminescence Enzyme Immunoassay is a kind of detection method which combined magnetic separation technology, sensitive chemiluminescence analysis with specific antigen-antibody reaction. For sandwich chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay, the complex of enzyme labeled antibody, target antigen in samples and magnetic particle antibody act as a “sandwich” structure. And then the complex are segregated from other materials and unbound enzyme conjugated antibody. After that, the luminescent substrate is added to generate glow light emission kinetics. The target antigen can be measured qualitatively as the luminous intensity is proportional to the target antigen level in the sample ......
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Extracellular Signal-Regulated Protein Kinase 5(ERK5)—One Signal Pathway of MAPK
We had a brife introduction about the cascade activation signal pathway of MAPK in a early topic, including extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase(ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK), P38MAPK and ERK5. Among them, the pathways of JNK, P38MAPK and ERK5 belong to stress activated MAPK pathways. The discovery of ERK5 pathway is relatively late, but its research is very active.ERK5 includes 816 amino acids, and its length is almost 2 times of other members of the MAPK family. N-terminal of ERK5 has a domain of kinase, and C-terminal has a unique COOH, which is obviously different from the other members of the MAPK family. It is a three-dimensional structure of ERK5 shown in Figure 1.......
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Preparation of N15 and C13 labeled recombinant protein
With thedevelopment of science and technology, protein structure and metabolism studybegan rapid development, especially in recent years. The NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance)technology has been widely used in the field of protein structure,which becamesimple and feasible to analyze the structure of the protein. The NMR technologyof the basic principle for analyzing thestructure of the protein is that . the nuclear mass spectrometer issued aseries of electromagnetic wave, stimulating H, N and C atoms, the H, N, C atomsfrom the ground state transition into unstable excited state;when theelectromagnetic wave stopped, excited states of atoms will automatically returnto the ground state, an......
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Glucosidase Alpha, Acid (GaA) - the Gold Standard for Diagnosing Pompe Disease
GlucosidaseAlpha, Acid (GaA) is a kind of amylum hydrolase enzyme, which catalyzes thehydrolysis of polysaccharides to produce alpha D- glucose. In addition, it alsopossesses transglycosylation activity, which can transfer the alpha -1,4-glycosidic bond to alpha-1,6- glycosidic bond or other form linkages, to obtainnonfermented isomalto- oligosaccharide, glycolipids and glycopeptide etc.. The gene,which encode the GAA, is located at chromosome 17. Defects in this gene maylead to deficiency of GaA and glycogen accumulation in skeletal muscle, smoothmuscle & cardiac muscle tissue as the glycogen can’t be hydrolyzed by GaA. Then it may cause severeneuromuscular disease. This lysosomal s......